Encoding & Decoding URLs

• encodeURI(uri) → Encodes a full URI but does not encode :/?#&=.
• decodeURI(encodedUri) → Decodes a URI processed by encodeURI().
• encodeURIComponent(component) → Encodes a single URI component (more strict, encodes :/?#&=).
• decodeURIComponent(encodedComponent) → Decodes a component processed by encodeURIComponent().

console.log(encodeURI("my page.asp")); // "my%20page.asp"
console.log(decodeURI("my%20page.asp")); // "my page.asp"

console.log(encodeURIComponent("my page.asp")); // "my%20page.asp"
console.log(decodeURIComponent("my%20page.asp")); // "my page.asp"

Creating & Parsing URLs

• new URL(url) → Creates a URL object.
• url.hostname → Gets the domain name.
• url.pathname → Gets the path of the URL.
• url.searchParams → Provides methods to handle query parameters.

const url = new URL("<https://example.com/path?name=John&age=25>");

console.log(url.hostname); // "example.com"
console.log(url.pathname); // "/path"
console.log(url.searchParams.get("name")); // "John"
console.log(url.searchParams.get("age")); // "25"

Resolving & Normalizing URLs

• url.href → Gets or sets the full URL.
• url.origin → Gets the origin (protocol + hostname + port).
• url.protocol → Gets or sets the protocol (e.g., https:).
• url.toString() → Converts the URL object to a string.

const myUrl = new URL("<https://example.com:8080/path>");

console.log(myUrl.href); // "<https://example.com:8080/path>"
console.log(myUrl.origin); // "<https://example.com:8080>"
console.log(myUrl.protocol); // "https:"
console.log(myUrl.toString()); // "<https://example.com:8080/path>"

Manipulating Query Parameters

• url.searchParams.get(name) → Gets the value of a query parameter.